Carotid Ultrasound – Waveform Analysis
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References:

1) Kallman CE, Gosink BB, Gardner DJ. Carotid Duplex Sonography: Bisferious Pulse Contour
in Patients with Aortic Valvular Disease. AJR 1991;157:403-407 [PDF]

2) Rohren EM, Kliewer MA, Carroll BA. A Spectrum of Doppler Waveforms in the Carotid and
Vertebral Arteries. AJR 2003;181:1695-1704 [PDF]

3) Scoutt LM, Lin FL, Kliewer M. Waveform Analysis of the Carotid Arteries. Ultrasound Clin 2006;
(1):133-159 [PDF]

4) Tahmasebpour HR, Buckley AR, Cooperberg PL. Sonographic Examination of the Carotid
Arteries. Radiographics 2005;25:1561-1575 [PDF]

5) Robbin ML, Lockhart ME. Carotid Artery Ultrasound Interpretation Using a Pattern
Recognition Approach. Ultrasound Clin 2006;(1):111-131 [PDF]

6) Freis DE, Heath WC,Luchsinger PC. Changes in the carotid pulse which occur with age and
hypertension. Am Heart J 1956;71:757-765 [PDF]

7) Ewy GA, Rios JC, Marcus FI. The Dicrotic Arterial Pulse. Circulation 1969;39:655-662 [PDF]