Compression Fractures of the Thoracolumbar
Spine
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References:

1) Denis F. Spinal Instability as Defined by the Three-column Spine Concept in Acute Spinal
Trauma. Clinical Orthorpaedics and
2) Vaccaro AR, Kim DH, Brodke DS. Diagnosis and Management of Thoracolumbar Spine
Fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85:2456-2470
[PDF]

3) Smith WS, Kaufer H. Patterns and Mechanisms of Lumbar Injuries Associated with Lap Seat
Belts. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1969;51:239-254
[PDF]

4) Denis F. The Three Column Spine and Its Significance in the Classification of Acute
Thoracolumbar Spinal Injuries. Spine 1983;8(8):817-831
[PDF]