Defecography [PDF]

References:

1) Mahieu P, Pringot J, Bodart P. Defecography: I. Description of a New Procedure and Results in Normal Patients. Gastrointest
Radiol 1984;9:247-251
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2) Mahieu P, Pringot J, Bodart P. Defecography: II. Contribution to the Diagnosis of Defecation Disorder. Gastrointest Radiol
1984;9:235-261
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3) Harvey CJ, Halligan S, Bartram CI. Evacuation Proctography: A Prospective Study of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Effects.
Radiology 1999;211:223-227
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4) Marshall M, Halligan S. Evacuation proctography. Imaging 2001;13:440-447 [PDF]

5) Kelvin FM, Maglinte DDT. Extended Proctography. Imaging 2001;13:448-457 [PDF]

6) Kelvin FM, Maglinte DDT, Hornback JA. Pelvic Prolapse: Assessment with Evacuation Proctography (Defecography).
Radiology 1992;184:547-551
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7) Halligan S, Malouf A, Bartram CI.  Predictive Value of Impaired Evacuation at Proctography in Diagnosing Anismus. AJR
2001;177:633-636
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8) Bartram CI, Turnbull GK, Lennard-Jones JE. Evacuation Proctography: An Investigation of Rectal Expulsion in 20 Subjects
Without Defecatory Disturbance. Gastointest Radiol 1988;13:72-80
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9) Karasick S, Karasick D, Karasick SR. Functional Disorders of the Anus and Rectum: Findings on Defecography. AJR
1993;160:777-782
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10) Goei R, van Engelshoven J, Schouten H. Anorectal Function: Defecographic Measurement in Asymptomatic Patients.
Radiology 1989;173:137-141
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11) Brennan D, Williams G, Kruskal J. Practical Performance of Defecography for the Evaluation of Constipation and
Incontinence. Semin Ultrasound CT MRI 2008;29:420-426
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16) Ekberg O, Nylander G, Fork FT. Defecography. Radiology 1985;155:45-48 [PDF]

17) Bartram C. Dynamic evaluation of the anorectum. Radiol Clin N Am 2003;41:425-441 [PDF]

18) Halligan S, Bartram CI, Park HJ. Proctographic Features of Anismus. Radiology 1995;195:679-682 [PDF]

19) Dobben AC, Wiersma TG, Janssen LWM. Prospective Assessment of Interobserver Agreement for Defecography in Fecal
Incontinence. AJR 2005;185:1166-1172
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20) Maglinte DDT, Bartram C. Dynamic imaging of posterior compartment pelvic floor dysfunction by evacuation proctography:
Techniques, indications, results, and limitations. European Journal of Radiology 2007;61:454-461
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21) Voderholzer WA, Neuhaus DA, Tzavella AG. Paradoxical sphincter contraction is rarely indicative of anismus. Gut
1997;41:258-262
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22) Pomerri F, Zuliani M, Mazza C. Defecographic Measurements of Rectal Intussusception and Prolapse in Patients and in
Asymptomatic Subjects. AJR 2001;176:641-645
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