Fetal Doppler [PDF]


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7) Soothill PW, Ajayi RA, Campbell S. Prediction of morbidity in small and normally grown fetuses by fetal heart rate variability,
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11) Hofstaetter C, Schiermeier S, Arabin B. Dopper Sonography of the fetal venous circulation. The Ultrasound Review of
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12) Chiba Y, Utsu M, Kanzaki T. Changes in venous flow and intra tracheal flow in fetal breathing movements. Ultrasound in Med
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13) Van Splunder IP, Huisman TWA, Stijnen T. Presence of pulsations and reproducibility of waveform recording in the umbilical
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14) Prado Vasques FA, Moron AF, Murta CGV. The assessment of fetal well-being by venous Doppler velocimetry. Ultrasound
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15) Hofstaetter C, Gudmundsson S, Hansmann M. Venous Doppler velocimetry in the surveillance of severely compromised
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16) Nakai Yuichiro, Imanaka M, Nishio J. Umbilical cord venous pulsation in normal fetuses and its incidence after 13 weeks of
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18) Sterne G, Shields LE, Dubinsky TJ. Abnormal Fetal Cerebral and Umbilical Doppler Measurements in Fetuses with
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19) SOGC Clinical Practice Guidelines – The Use of Fetal Doppler in Obstetrics (2003) [PDF]

20) Spinillo A, Montanari L, Bergante C. Prognostic Value of Umbilical Artery Doppler Studies in Unselected Preterm Deliveries.
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21) Goffinet F, Paris J, Heim N. Predictive value of Doppler umbilical artery velocimetry in a low risk population with normal fetal
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22) Divon MY, Ferber A. Doppler Evaluation of the Fetus. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 2002;45(4):1015-1025 [PDF]

23) Mari G. Noninvasive Diagnosis By Doppler Ultrasonography of Fetal Anemia Due to Maternal Red-Cell Alloimmunization. N
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24) Cetin I, Boito S, Radaelli. Evaluation of Fetal Growth and Fetal Well-Being. Semin Ultrasound CT MRI 2008;29:136-146 [PDF]

25) Abramowicz JS, Sheiner E. Ultrasound of the Placenta: A Systematic Approach. Part II: Functional Assessment (Doppler).
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26) Ott WJ. Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Doppler Ultrasonography. J Ultrasound Med 2000;19:661-665   [PDF]

27) Divon MY, Ferber A. Umbilical Artery Doppler Velocimetry—An Update. Seminars in Perinatology 2001;25(1):44-47 [PDF]

28) Soothill PW, Bobrow CS, Holmes R. Small for gestational age is not a diagnosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1999;13:225-228
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29)  McCowan LME, Harding JE, Stewart AW. Umbilical artery Doppler studies in small for gestational age babies reflect disease
severity. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2000;107:916-925
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30) Figueras F, Eixarch E, Meler E. Small-for-gestational-age fetuses with normal umbilical artery Doppler have suboptimal
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31) Committee on Obstetric Practice. ACOG committee opinion: Utility of antepartum umbilical artery doppler velocimetry in
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32) Baschat AA, Weiner CP. Umbilical artery Doppler screening for detection of the small fetus in need of antepartum
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33) Burke G, Stuart B, Crowley P. Is intrauterine growth retardation with normal umbilical artery blood flow a benign condition?
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34) Hofstaetter C, Dubiel M, Gudmundsson S. Two types of umbilical venous pulsations and outcome of high-risk pregnancy.
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35) Baschat AA, Gembruch U. The cerebroplacental Doppler ratio revisited. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003;21:124-127 [PDF]

36) Palacio M, Figueras F, Zamora L. Reference ranges for umbilical and middle cerebral artery pulsatility index and
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37) Ebbing C, Rasmussen S, Kiserud T. Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocities and pulsatility index and the
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38) Devine PA, Bracero LA, Lysikiewicz A. Middle Cerebral to Umbilical Artery Doppler Ratio in Post-Date Pregnancies. Obstet
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39) Kofinas AD, Espeland MA, Penry M. Uteroplacental Doppler Flow Velocity Waveform Indices in Normal Pregnancy: A
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40) Karsdorp VHM, van Vugt JMG, van Geijn HP. Clinical significance of absent or reversed end diastolic velocity waveforms in
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41) Herschkovitz R, Kingdom JCP, Geary M. Fetal cerebral blood flow redistribution in late gestation: identification of
compromise in small fetuses with normal umbilical artery Doppler. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2000;15:209-212
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42) Mason GC, Lilford RJ, Porter J. Randomised comparison of routine versus highly selective use of Doppler ultrasound in low
risk pregnancies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1993;100:130-133
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43) Montenegro N, Laurini R, Brandao O. Placental Findings in Fetuses with Absent or Reversed End-diastolic Flow in the
Umbilical Artery (ARED Flow):  A Reappraisal. J Matern Fetal Invest 1997;7:175-179
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44) Khare M, Paul S, Konje JC. Variation in Doppler indices along the length of the cord from the intraabdominal to the placental
insertion. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica 2006;85:922-928
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45) Olofsson P, Olofsson H, Molin J. Low umbilical artery vascular flow resistance and fetal outcome. Acta Obstet Gyncol Scand
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46) Olofsson P, Saldeen P, Marsal K. Association between a low umbilical artery pulsatility index and fetal distress in labor in
very prolonged pregnancies. European Journal of  Obstetrics & Gynecology 1997;73:23-29
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47) Nanthakomon T, Uerpairojkit B. Outcome of small-for-gestational-age fetuses according to umbilical artery Doppler: Is there
any yield from additional middle cerebral artery Doppler? The Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 2009 (Epub
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48) Nienbuis SJ, Vles JSH, Gerver WJM. Doppler ultrasonography in suspected intrauterine growth retardation: a randomized
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49) Eixarch E, Meler E, Iraola A. Neurodevelopmental outcome in 2-year-old infants who were small-for-gestational age term
fetuses with cerebral flow redistribution. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008;32:894-899
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50) Harman CR, Baschat AA. Comprehensive assessment of fetal wellbeing: which Doppler tests should be performed? Curr
Opin Obstet Gynecol 2003;15:147-157
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51) Hoffman C, Galan HL. Assessing the ‘at risk’ fetus: Doppler ultrasound. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2009;21:161-166 [PDF]  

52) Burrell SJ, Kingdom JCP. The use of umbilical artery Doppler ultrasonography in modern obstetrics. Curr Opin Obstet
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53) Baschat AA, Harman CR. Venous Doppler in the assessment of fetal cardiovascular status. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2006;
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54) Detti L, Akiyama M, Mari G. Doppler blood flow in obstetrics. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2002;14:587-593
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55) Mari G, Hanif F. Fetal Doppler: Umbilical Artery, Middle Cerebral Artery, and Venous System. Semin Perinatol 2008;32:253-
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56) Ramsay M. Use of Doppler ultrasound in antepartum assessment of the fetus. Current Obstetrics & Gynecology 1997;7:82-86
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57) Baschat AA, Guclu S, Kush ML. Venous Doppler in the prediction of acid-base status of growth-restricted fetuses with
elevated placental blood flow resistance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;19:277-284
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58) Figueras F, Eixarch E, Gratacos E. Predictiveness of antenatal umbilical artery Doppler for adverse pregnancy outcome in
small-for-gestational-age babies according to customised birthweight centiles: population-based study. BJOG 2008;115:590-594
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59) Baschat AA. Arterial and venous Doppler in the diagnosis and management of early onset fetal growth restriction. Early
Human Development 2005;81:877-887
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60) Oepkes D, Seaward G, Vandenbussche FPHA. Doppler Ultrasonography versus Amniocentesis to Predict Fetal Anemia. N
Engl J Med 2006;355:156-164
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61) Mari G, Abuhamad AZ, Cosmi E. Middle Cerebral Artery Peak Systolic Velocity: Technique and Variability. J Ultrasound Med
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62) Pereira L, Jenkins TM, Berghella V. Conventional management of maternal red cell alloimmunization compared with
management by Doppler assessment of middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;189:1002-1006
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63) Severi FM, Bocchi C, Visentin A. Uterine and fetal cerebral Doppler predict the outcome of third-trimester small-for-
gestational age fetuses with normal umbilical artery Doppler. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002;19:225-228
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64) Alfirevic Z, Neilson JP. Doppler ultrasonography in high-risk pregnancies: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Am J
Obstet Gynecol 1995;172:1379-1387
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65) Davies JA, Gallivan S, Spencer JAD. Randomised controlled trial of Doppler ultrasound screening of placental perfusion
during pregnancy. Lancet 1992;340:1299-1303
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66) Chang TC, Robson SC, Spencer JAD. Prediction of perinatal morbidity at term in small fetuses: comparison of fetal growth
and Doppler ultrasound. BJOG 1994;101:422-427
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67) Mari G, Adrignolo A, Abuhamad AZ. Diagnosis of fetal anemia with Doppler ultrasound in the pregnancy complicated by
maternal blood group immunization. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1995;5:400-405
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68) van Splunder IP, Huisman TWA, Stijnen T. Presence of pulsations and reproducibility of waveform recording in the umbilical
and left portal vein in normal pregnancies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1994;4:49-53
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69) Takahashi Y, Kawabata I, Tamaya T. Characterization of growth-restricted fetuses with breakdown of the brain-sparing effect
diagnosed by spectral Doppler. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2001;10:122-126
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70) ACOG Practice Bulletin Number 75: Management of Alloimmunization During Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2006;108(2): 457-
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71) Bahado-Singh RO, Kovanci E, Jeffres A. The Doppler cerebroplacental ratio and perinatal outcome in intrauterine growth
restriction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;180:750-756
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72) Baschat AA, Gembruch U, Harman CR. The sequence of changes in Doppler and biophysical parameters as severe fetal
growth restriction worsens. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001;18:571-577
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73) Hecher K, Bilardo CM, Stigter RH. Monitoring of fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction: a longitudinal study. Ultrasound
Obstet Gynecol 2001;18:564-570
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74) Mari G, Picconi J. Doppler Vascular Changes in Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Semin Perinatol 2008;32:182-189 [PDF]  

75) Moise KJ. Management of Rhesus Alloimmunization in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2008;112:164-176
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76) Zimmermann R, Durig P, Carpenter RJ. Longitudinal measurement of peak systolic velocity in the fetal middle artery for
monitoring pregnancies complicated by red cell alloimmunisation: a prospective multicentre trial with intention-to-treat. BJOG
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77) Ferrazzi E, Bozzo M, Rigano S. Temporal sequence of abnormal Doppler changes in the peripheral and central circulatory
systems of the severely growth-restricted fetus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002;19:140-146
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78) Rowlands DJ, Vyas SK. Longitudinal study of fetal middle cerebral artery flow velocity waveforms preceding fetal death.
BJOG 1995;102:888-890
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79) Turan OM, Turan S, Gungor S. Progression of Doppler abnormalities in intrauterine growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet
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80) Harrington K, Thompson MO, Carpenter RG. Doppler fetal circulation in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia or
delivery of a small for gestational age baby: 2. Longitudinal analysis. BJOG 1999;106:453-466
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81) McCowan LME, Harding JE, Roberts AB. A pilot randomized controlled trial of two regimens of fetal surveillance for small-for-
gestational-age fetuses with normal results of umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:81-86
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82) Mari G, Hanif F, Treadwell MC. Gestational Age at Delivery and Doppler Waveforms in Very Preterm Intrauterine Growth-
Restricted Fetuses as Predictors of Perinatal Mortality. J Ultrasound Med 2007;26:555-559
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83) Dicke JM, Huettner P, Yan S. Umbilical Artery Doppler Indices in Small for Gestational Age Fetuses: Correlation with Adverse
Outcomes and Placental Abnormalities. J Ultrasound Med 2009;28:1603-1610
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84) Westergaard HB, Langhoff-Roos K, Lingman G. A critical appraisal of the use of umbilical artery Doppler ultrasound in high-
risk pregnancies: use of meta-analyses in evidence-based obstetrics. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001;17:466-476
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85) Baschat AA. Doppler application in the delivery timing of the preterm growth-restricted fetus: another step in the right
direction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2004;23:111-118
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86) Gramellini D, Folli MC, Raboni S. Cerebral-Umbilical Doppler Ratio As a Predictor of Adverser Perinatal Outcome. Obstet
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87) Mari G, Moise KJ, Deter RL. Doppler assessment of the pulsatility index in the cerebral circulation of the human fetus. Am J
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88) Mari G, Deter RL. Middle cerebral artery flow velocity waveforms in normal and small-for-gestational-age fetuses. Am J Obstet
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