Embryonic/Fetal Heart Motion
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References:

1) Hanprasertpong T, Phupong V. First trimester embryonic/fetal heart rate in normal pregnant
women. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2006; 274:257-260
[PDF]

2) Doubilet PM, Benson CB, Chow JS. Long-Term Prognosis of Pregnancies Complicated by
Slow Embryonic Heart Rates in the Early First Trimester. J Ultrasound Med 1999;18:537-541
[PDF]

3) Copel JA, Liang RI, Demasio K. The clinical significance of the irregular fetal heart rhythm. Am
J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:813-819
[PDF]

4) Doubilet PM, Benson CB. Outcome of First-Trimester Pregnancies with Slow Embryonic Heart
Rate at 6-7 Weeks Gestation and Normal Heart Rate by 8 Weeks at US. Radiology 2005;236:643-
646
[PDF]

5) Oztekin D, Oztekin O, Aydal FI. Embryonic Heart Rate as a Prognostic Factor for Chromosomal
Abnormalities. J Ultrasound Med 2009;28:609-614
[PDF]

6) Doubilet PM, Benson CB, Chow JS. Outcome of Early Pregnancies with Rapid Embryonic
Heart Rates in the Early First Trimester. AJR 2000;175:67-69
[PDF]

7) FIGO subcommittee on Standards in Perinatal Medicine, Guidelines for the use of fetal
monitoring. Int J Gynecol Obstet 1987;25(3):159–167
[PDF]