Nuchal Translucency
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References:

1) Welch KK, Malone FD. Advances in Prenatal Screening: Nuchal Translucency Ultrasonography
in the First Trimester. NeoReviews 2002;3(10)
[PDF]

2) AIUM Practice Guideline for the Performance of Obstetric Ultrasound Examinations (2007) [PDF]

3) Kagan KO, Avgidou K, Molina FS. Relation Between Increased Fetal Nuchal Translucency
Thickness and Chromosomal Defects. Obstet Gynecol 2006;107:6-10
[PDF]

4) Souka AP, von Kaisenberg CS, Hyett JA. Increased nuchal translucency with normal karyotype.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2005;192:1005-1021
[PDF]

5) http://www.fetalmedicine.com/11-14scanbook/Figures/fig01-09.htm

6) Snijders RJM, Noble P, Sebire N. UK multicentre project on assessment of trisomy 21 by
maternal age and fetal nuchal-translucency thickness at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Lancer 1998;
351:343-346
[PDF]

7) Nicolaides KH (2004). The 11-13+6 weeks scan. London: Fetal Medicine Foundation. [PDF]

7) Hyett J, Perdu M, Sharland G. Using fetal nuchal translucency to screen for major congenital
cardiac defects at 10-14 weeks of gestation: population based cohort study. BMJ 1999;318:81-85
[PDF]

8) Brady AF, Pandya PP, Yuksel B. Outcome of chromosomally normal livebirths with increased
fetal nuchal translucency at 10-14 weeks’ gestation. J Med Genet 1998;35:222-224
[PDF]  

9) Nicolaides KH, Azar G, Byrne D. Fetal nuchal translucency: ultrasound screening for
chromosomal defects in the first trimester of pregnancy. BMJ 1992;304:867-869
[PDF]  

10) D’Alton ME, Cleary-Goldman J. Education and Quality Review for Nuchal Translucency
Ultrasound. Semin Perinatol 2005;29:380-385
[PDF]

11) Hafner E, Schuchter K, Liebhart E. Results of Routine Fetal Nuchal Translucency Measurement
at Weeks 10-13 in 4233 Unselected Pregnant Women. Prenat Diagn 1998;18:29-34
[PDF]  

12) Souka AP, Snijders RJM, Novakov A. Defects and syndromes in chromosomally normal
fetuses with increased nuchal translucency thickness at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound
Obstet Gynecol 1998;11:391-400
[PDF]  

13) Pandya PP, Kondylios A Hilbert L. Chromosomal defects and outcome in 1015 fetuses with
increased nuchal translucency. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1995;5:15-19
[PDF]  

14) Wax JR, Pinette MG, Cartin A. Optimal Crown-Rump Length for Measuring the Nuchal
Translucency. J Clin Ultrasound 2007;35:302-304
[PDF]  

15) Braithwaite JM, Morris RW, Economides DL. Nuchal translucency measurements: frequency
distribution and changes with gestation in a general population. BJOG 1996;103:1201-1204
[PDF]  

16) Pandya PP, Snijders RJM, Johnson SP. Screening for fetal trisomies by maternal age and fetal
nuchal translucency thickness at 10 to 14 weeks of gestation. BJOG 1995;102:957-962
[PDF]

17) Fergus S, Boogert A, Sinosich M. Establishment and Application of a Normal Range for Nuchal
Translucency Across the First Trimester. Prenat Diagn 1996;16:629-634
[PDF]  

18) Nicolaides KH. Nuchal translucency and other first-trimester sonographic markers of
chromosomal abnormalities. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;191:45-67
[PDF]

19) Muller MA, Pajkrt E, Bleker OP. Disappearance of enlarged nuchal translucency before 14
weeks’ gestation: relationship with chromosomal abnormalities and pregnancy outcome.
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2004;24:169-174
[PDF]  

20) Pandya PP, Snijders RJM, Johnson S. Natural history of trisomy 21 fetuses with increased
nuchal translucency thickness. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1995;5:381-383
[PDF]  

21) Celantano C, Di Donato NG, Prefumo F. Early resolution of increased nuchal translucency in a
fetus with trisomy 18. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;189:880-881
[PDF]  

22) Taipale P, Hiilesmaa V, Salonen R. Increased Nuchal Translucency as a Marker for Fetal
Chromosomal Defects. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1654-1658
[PDF]